* I present greek names in latin, greek and International Phonetic Alphabets.
INTRODUCTION TO GREEK MUSIC
Probably, you know the tunes Zorbas ♫ by Theodorakis and Never on Sunday ♫ by Hadzidakis. These were 'hits' of the 60s and have labelled greek music since then. Well, there is more...
Here is an outline about greek music and musicians through the ages.
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Ancient music is practically lost, although there are a few fragments surviving (ancient greek notation is deciphered: it uses alphabet-symbols). The byzantine hymns are still sung in churches all over Greece and the study of byzantine notation, theory and hymnology is a very strong domain in musicological departments at universities. The greeks created a lovely folk music during the ottoman occupation. Its follow-up is the refugees' music, the rebetika and laïka (people's) music of contemporary times, with composers who never had 'western music' education. But also, intellectual composers as Theodorakis and Hadjidakis composed such music. It is still very much alive alongside pop, rock, ballads and all kinds of international influences. As for the contact with western 'classical' music: it was introduced to the new greek state after 1832 starting with quasi bel canto music, moving to National School, and then to the 12tone-composer Skalkottas. The avant-garde composers: Xenakis who went to France after our civil war and Christou. |
GENERAL SITES ON GREEK MUSIC
- www.musicale.gr with music files and notes
- Greek Embassy in France Culture grecque excellent introduction in french.
INFO
- ↑
- ANCIENT greek music
- index of ancient greek music
- ANCIENT greek music
- with material on fragments, bibliography, composers, notation...
-
- LINKS
- GENERAL SITES
- LINKS
- http://www.musikarchaeologie.de/
Try it even if you do not speak german.
- greek music links by Mr Lachanas
- greek music links by Mr Lachanas
- ancient music links by M Lachanas
- ANCIENT GREEK FRAGMENTS OF MUSIC - NOTATION
- The index of ancient greek music is still under construction.
- Cf. Pölmann, Egert & West, Martin L. Documents of Ancient Greek Music; The Extant Melodies and Fragments.
Oxford University Press, 2001. ISBN10:019815223X, ISBN13:9780198152231.
- Delphic Hymns by WIKIPEDIA
- Also, check all the related pages.
- Ancient Greek Music on Papyrus by William A. Johnson U. Cincinnati USA
- Two fragments.
- Ancient Greek Music fragments by Stefan Hagel at the Academy of Sciences AUSTRIA
- Listen to midis of fragments
- Vocal music - Yale papyri
- William A. Johnson, Department of Classics, University of Cincinnati
- Oxyrhynchus Papyri vol.LXV 4463
- Alypius source for notation, published in 1652
- M. MEIBON, ANTIQUAE MUSICAE AUCTORES
- BIBLIOGRAPHIES
- by Nancy Sultan. 2008.
- http://titan.iwu.edu/~classics/music.html
- Selection detailed, at the Athens Music Library
- THEORY
CAREFUL: Ancient greek modes are different from ecclesiastical modes of the gregorian chant, due to a copyist's mistake. What is 'dorian' for ancient greek music, is NOT for western modes. - Greek Music by Mr Lachanas
- Ancient Greek Origins of the Western Musical Scale, Pythagoras etc. by midicode
- Skizze zur antiken Music in Berlin T U GERMANY
- Ancient Greek Origins of the Western Musical Scale, Pythagoras etc. by midicode
- in german, very useful. Excellent AUDITORIUM
- MYTHS AND MUSIC
- Greek Music. Plato. Pythagoras. Apollo small article
- Metropolitan Museum New York: Music in Ancient Greece USA
- Donatella Restani: Music and Myth in ancient Greece ITALY
- Metropolitan Museum New York: Music in Ancient Greece USA
- Dr. Donatella Restani's article on myths - music.
- ANCIENT GREEK INSTRUMENTS
- Greek Music by Mr. Lachanas
- Greek and Roman Pipe Organs at Bellum Catilinae site
- http://www.musikarchaeologie.de/
- Greek and Roman Pipe Organs at Bellum Catilinae site
- Even if you do not read german, try it.
- Music in Ancient Greece (vase painting) Metropolitan Museum New York USA
- RECORDINGS
- FOR CHILDREN
- Portland State University Greek Civilization Topics for children
- CLICK on MUSIC for article by Terri McReynolds.
- COMPUTERS
- Ancient Greek Musical Notation by Prof Wells
- Test for Unicode support in Web browsers.
cycladic harpist
2800-2300 a.e.v.
Athens National Museum
INFO
auletris (woman playing aulos)
detail from relief found
in the villa of Ludovisi
c.470-460 a.e.v.
city of Locroi, southern Italy
Rome, Museo Nazionale
stele with music and epigramme
by Seikilos
- ↑
- BYZANTINE music
- Byzantine audio examples by the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Nova Roma
- CHANTING dowloadable music by the greek orthodox church www.ecclesia.gr
- BYZANTINE music
- This is the official church site in english.
- More info is available in its greek version.
- Example: Christmas hymns AUDIO at ecclesia.gr
- More info is available in its greek version.
- Byzantine Music Liturgical Music Gallery Audio files of hymns and modes.
- www.musicale.gr with music files and notes
- Thousands of pages on byzantine notation, chant, etc. at www.stanthonymonastery.org retr. NOV 2007.
- Byzantine Music by Paul Halsall at www.fordham.edu
- Monumenta Musicae Byzantinae, Copenhagen Un. www.igl.ku.dk
- Byzantine Music by Dionysios Politis at Thessaloniki U. GREECE in english and greek
- The Byzantine Music by John D. Spyrakis at Thessaloniki U. GREECE in english
- www.musicale.gr with music files and notes
- The Byzantine Music by Ioannis Spyrakis GREECE greek page
- pdf files on Byzantine Notation: its signs explained.
- Lots of hymns are given in both byzantine and western notations.
- pdf files on Byzantine Notation: its signs explained.
- byzantine music links by M Lachanas
byzantine musicians
- ↑
- NEW TIMES music
- GATEWAYS and GENERAL LINKS
- NEW TIMES music
- Modern Hellenic (Greek) Music by M Lachanas
- In four pages. Start here, page 1
- cultural events in Greece
- kithara gr with lots of lyrics on songs, articles, etc. in greek
- Greek Music Today: Links. by Yannis K. Ioannou Links in categories.
- kithara gr with lots of lyrics on songs, articles, etc. in greek
- GREEK MUSIC TODAY - TEXT LINKS2 by Yiannis Ioannou Scroll down the page of links.
- Greekbooks.gr: CD shop in greek
- AUDIO FILES-general
- links to sites with greek mp3 by omogenia.com (lots of pages are obsolete)
- links to sites with greek mp3 by mdateplus
- links to sites with greek mp3 by George Meligonis
- links to sites with greek mp3 by mdateplus
-
- FOLK MUSIC (Demotic)
- folk music links by M Lachanas
- Check, FOLK POETRY. Poetry-music-dance was an undivided whole.
- Greek Music in Southern Italy (Magna Graecia) by Nondas Kitsos Excellent.
- Traditional Greek Folk Culture CANADA
- Museum of Popular Instruments in Athens
- Traditional Music - download songs Stamatis Makris at Arcadia GREECE
- Balkan music links by the ethnomusicologist and musician Muammer Ketencoğlu, TURKEY at Website of Muammer Ketencoğlu TURKEY
- Check, FOLK POETRY. Poetry-music-dance was an undivided whole.
lyra player (lyraris)
by the naïf painter
Theophilos
- CONTEMPORARY PEOPLE'S MUSIC
NOTE: There are many kinds of 'people's' music: rebetika are different from laika (popular) and demotica (folk). Their common feature is that they were composed by naif composers, although scholar-composers gave beautiful 'laika' songs too. The art of songwriting is still very strong in Greece (all kinds: ballads, rock, quasi-ethnic etc.)- REBETICA (REMBETIKA) and traditional music of contemporary times
- PHOTOS
- one photo, one story: Rebetes, 1933 at www.foroart.gr
- photos by catefory at www.rebetiko.gr
- rebetiko music links by M Lachanas
- About rebetika and Roza Eskenazi Home Page Concise history.
- Rebetiko Online. Where rebetika live online. Check history.
- Balkan music links by the ethnomusicologist and musician Muammer Ketencoğlu, TURKEY at Website of Muammer Ketencoğlu TURKEY
- About rebetika and Roza Eskenazi Home Page Concise history.
- Listen to Muammer Ketencoğlu's performance of Izmir and other rebetika, etc.
- INTERWAR Rebetica and shadow theatre by FHW
- Greek Rembetika or Laika? extensively described my Matt Barrett and his greecetravel
- THE REBETIKA by George Panagiotakopoulos in english and greek
- Amanes and music of refugees Gail Holst Warhaft, AUSTRALIA Audio examples and very well documented work.
- Greek Rembetika or Laika? extensively described my Matt Barrett and his greecetravel
- LAIKI (POPULAR) MUSIC
- laiki (popular) music links by M Lachanas
- Greek Rembetika or Laika? extensively described my Matt Barrett and his greecetravel
- COMPOSERS of POPULAR MUSIC
- TSITSANIS - BAΣIΛHΣ TΣITΣANHΣ 1915-1984 [va'silis tsi`tsanis]
- tsitsanis.gr in english and greek
- His song 'Synnefiasmeni Kyriaki' (=clouded Sunday) is representative not only of rebetiko music, but also, all modern greece.
- THEODORAKIS - MIKHΣ ΘEOΔΩPAKHΣ b.1925 [`mikis θeoδo`rakis] Oscar award
- Welcome - Bienvenue - Willkommen Mikis Theodorakis by Guy Wagner
- Mikis Theodorakis - The Home Page (E)
- Mikis Theodorakis,net by Guy Wagner in:
- Mikis Theodorakis - The Home Page (E)
- Mikis Theodorakis Index new
- Mikis Theodorakis Film Music at IMDb
- Biography in greek at arcadia personalities in greek
- Mikis Theodorakis in greek only
- Mikis Theodorakis mp3, 50 FREE legal mp3 downloads, sheet music and mp3s
- SONG: Denial, poem by Yiorgos Seferis, melopoeia Mikis Theodorakis. A word-to-word presentation in international phonetic alphabet. Sound links for the song.
- Zorbas the Greek sound track for the film (director: Mihalis Kakoyiannis) based on the novel of Nikos Kazantzakis.
- Biography in greek at arcadia personalities in greek
- Film sound track: [addendum]
- Film video clip: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ndPJRh_K2yc
- ♫The theme, retrieved in NOV 2007 at
.mp3 [03:44] 3.5MB kypros.org, octave5.com, celtic.no-ip.org
.wav [03:10] 4MB gurukul.ucc.american.edu- Ballet version
- Film video clip: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ndPJRh_K2yc
- KHADZIDAKIS - MANOΣ XATZHΔAKIΣ 1925-1994 [`manos xadzi`δakis] Oscar award
- Hadjidakis @wikipedia concise info.
- www.hadjidakis.gr official site in english and greek. With Flash .swf. Audio samples.
- Manos Hadjidakis Film Music at IMDb
- OSCAR SONG: The kids from Piraeus (Ta paidia tou Peiraea) theme from film: Never on Sunday (gre: Pote tin kyriaki), actress, singing: Melina Mercouri. Note, that the composer did not like his song, thinking it became a 'tourist-tune'. But all greeks still love it, decades after it has been composed.
- www.hadjidakis.gr official site in english and greek. With Flash .swf. Audio samples.
- .wma sample [1:29] (first stanza)
- video YouTube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YCFXGanTx4A from national TV channel ET1 with english subtitles, retr. 11 NOV 2007.
- T' asteri tou voria (gre: Τ' αστέρι του βοριά). Song, from the film-score of the 1963 film 'America America'.
- MORE COMPOSERS
- Eleni Karaindrou - musicolog.com
- She composes the music for the films of Theodoros Angellopoulos.
- Eleni Karaindrou at IMDb
- Vangelis Online
- SINGERS
- There is no equivalent greek singer of an Um Kulthum, or an Amalia Rodriguez or an Edith Piaf. The following names are my favourites and recognized as great singers (check at Google).
- SINGERS
- Grigoris/Gregory Bithikotsis
- Mary Linda
- Vicky Moskholiou/Mosholiou
- Maria Farantouri
- Nana Mouscouri belongs more to pop music.
- NIKOS KSYLOURIS (1936-1980)
- Mary Linda
- Xylouris: the cretan singer NIKOΣ ΞYΛOYPHΣ by Yiannis Pratikakis
- Also, the beloved voice of immigrants: Stelios Kazantzidis
rebetes
(rebetiko musicians)
Vassilis Tsitsanis 1915-1984
(rebetiko composer)
Mikis Theodorakis
b.1925
Manos Hadjidakis
1925-1994
- ↑
- GREEKS and CLASSIC WESTERN MUSIC
- links by M Lachanas
- ClassicalMusic.gr in greek only
- 1897-1922 music: the beginning of greek national school by FHW
- COMPOSERS
- MANTZAROS - MANTZAPOΣ 1795-1872 [`mandzaros] (belongs to the 'italian' style of his times)
- GREEKS and CLASSIC WESTERN MUSIC
- Hymne National Ambassade de Grèce with soundfile in french
- Mantzaros @wikipedia
- Music and composers of CORFU (Kerkyra) Mantzaros and more
- Mantzaros @wikipedia
- KALOMIRIS - MANΩΛHΣ KAΛOMOIPHΣ 1883-1962 [ma`nolis kalo`miris] (creator of the 'national school')
- SKALKOTTAS - NIKOΣ ΣKAΛKΩTTAΣ 1904-1949 [`nikos skal`kotas] (probably the greatest greek composer. Studied in Germany, 12-note style)
- Check his Greek Dances and his 32 Piano Pieces.
- Skalkotas @wikipedia
- Friends of Nikos Skalkottas` Music Society in english german greek Links
- Nikos Skalkottas by greek emagazie antibaro in english
- TA NEA onLine Skalskottas by Christodoulou in greek
- Skalkottas at local e-zine of Euboea island in greek
- Skalkotas @wikipedia
- CHRISTOU 1926-1970 - ΓIANNHΣ XPHΣTOY [`janis `xristu] (An absolute genius. Wrote very few works.)
- Jani Christou 1926-1970 by janichristou.org
- Giannis Christou @wikipedia concise info.
- book: Image and Music Jani Christou book by Anna M. Lucciano
- Jani Christou bio in english // bio in german
- Giannis Christou @wikipedia concise info.
- XENAKIS - IANNHΣ ΞENAKHΣ 1922-2001 [i`anis kse`nakis] (possibly the most important composer of the end of the 20th century. also an architect.)
- Xenakis @wikipedia
- www.iannis-xenakis.org in french and english
- Iannis Xenakis biographie - 2002 IRCAM Centre Georges Pompidou in french
- Center for the Composition of Music Iannis Xenakis in english and french
- Also:
- Xenakis by Todd M. McComb at www.medieval.org
- Iannis Xenakis. Architect of Light and Sound Abstract Article by Alessandra Capanna for the Nexus Network Journal vol.3 no.2 Spring 2001
- Componist Xenakis , Yannis in german concise
- Komponist Iannis Xenakis in german. concise.
- Masterpiece's of 20th-Century Multi-channel Tape Music Xenakis
- Roger Reynolds page an interview of Xenakis to Th. Rikakis in 1992
- John Cage-Iannis Xenakis and Chance: paper by Tokeshi Oda
- Un piccolo ricordo di Iannis Xenakis in italian
- BBC News Sunday 4 February 2001 Xenakis dies
- www.iannis-xenakis.org in french and english
-
- More composers, lists of composers at the Athens Music Library articles on greek music
Nikos Skalkottas
1904-1949
Jani Hristou
1926-1970
here, 24 years old
Iannis Xenakis
1922-2001
- ↑
- GREEK PERFORMERS-SOLOISTS
- la CALLAS
- GREEK PERFORMERS-SOLOISTS
- MARIA KALLAS - MAPIA KAΛΛAΣ 1923-1977 [ma`ria `kalas]
- Maria Callas EMI Classics
- Photos, music samples, video samples, biographical notes and lots of recordings.
- Divina The Official Maria Callas Web Site in english and italian
- Maria Callas - Ten Best CDs by CulturKiosque
- MARIA CALLAS - La Voix du XXème Siècle in french
- in film MEDEA (director: Pier Paolo Pasolini)
- Maria Callas - Ten Best CDs by CulturKiosque
- METROPOULOS/MITROPOULOS: conductor
- DIMITRIS MITROPOULOS - ΔHMHTPHΣ MHTPOΠOYΛOΣ 1896-1960 [δi`mitris mi`tropulos] - Demetris Metropoulos or Dimitris Mitropoulos
- D. Mitropoulos 1896 1960 at Arcadia personalities in greek
- Nelly' s photo of Metropoulos at ART TOPOS
- D. Mitropoulos 1896 1960 at Arcadia personalities in greek
- SGOUROS, Demetris: pianist
- ΔHMHTPHΣ ΣΓOYPOΣ [δi'mitris 'zγuros]
- Classical Pianist Dimitris Sgouros Biography
- SUPPLEMENTARY LINKS
- EEME Greek Union for Music Education in greek
- Music Issues (in greek only) by TEI Multimedia Lab
- EEME Greek Union for Music Education in greek
- Files on Mozart, Schubert, the Orchestra, the Flute, links etc.
Maria Callas
1923-1977
