page in greek ελληνικά
PRONUNCIATION - PHONETICS

AT A GLANCE :: IN DETAIL :: LINKS

AT A GLANCE
I write phonetics (pronunciation) in brackets with the symbols of IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) (fonts used: Arial Unicode MS).
Sound Reference to the IPA by Kristian Skarbe at NTNU, NORWAY. An excellent active chart with embedded sound.
Links for more tutorials.
Remember
[...] the exact pronunciation
/.../ approximate pronunciation e.g. <english> [ˈɪŋglɪʃ ] /ˈingliʃ /
Note that the stress-accent comes before the stressed syllable. e.g. [kateˈrina saˈri]
i.p.a. for greek Pronunciation-Phonetics for greek
[ a e i o u         b d g    p v f    t δ θ    k γ x    l m n    r s z  ] also [ks ps     ts dz  ].
IN DETAIL
Phonetics
The study of sound of human speech. There are more than a hundred different such sounds in human languages.
2.500 years ago, in ancient India, Pānini wrote a treatise on Sanskrit, including a discussion about consonant utterances.
Today, human speech is transcribed in a standardized way by the International Phonetic Alphabet.
Phonetics by wikipedia
What is IPA?
I.P.A. = (1) International Phonetic Alphabet or (2) the International Phonetic Association.
The Association was founded in France in 1886. It produced the first phonetic alphabet in 1886. Since then, many revisions and additions. Recent revisions: 1989 (Rogers' textbook), 1993, 1996.
Here is the official 2005 Revision.
The I.P. Alphabet symbols represent all sounds of spoken language. One symbol = one sound. Roman alphabet characters are used for common sounds. New symbols were created for more sounds and Extended diacritics for intonation, and other speech nuances.
The I.P. Association adds new symbols from time to time.
ˈ primary stress accent before stressed syllable and ˌ secondary stress accent before stressed syllable
example: [ˌəbrivɪˈeɪʃn] < abbreviation >
 
IPA and phonetics for specific languages see Links
i.p.a. for greek
 
My sources for IPA transcription in my pages
For greek phonetics in IPA I consult the {D.G.T.}.
For latin phonetics in IPA: Most letters are pronounced as in IPA. For details go to <www.ipasource.com/diction_help>
For english phonetics in IPA: For the very complicated english pronunciation I consult dictionaries with IPA phonetics such as {D.E.O.} and {@D.E.C.}. I always write down the british pronunciation and the american only when different.
Links for IPA
Linguistics links
IPA, International Phonetic Association
International Phonetic Association by wikipedia
International Phonetic Alphabet by wikipedia
Everything you need is here.
 
IPA sound examples
mp3 A Sound Reference to the IPA by Kristian Skarbe at NTNU, Norway
ogg consonants and vowels by wikipedia
aif Cours de phonétique at Université de Lausanne, SWITZERLAND/SUISSE in french.
aif An introduction to the sounds of languages by Peter Ladefoged
at Peter Ladefoged's phonetics lab archive
wav Phonetic Alphabet at Arizona.edu.
wav wavs vowels Johns Wells, Susan Ramsaran and Peter Ladefoged
real IPA Consonants--Vocalic, etc. Real Audio by SIL
swf flash ipa charts, www.paulmeier.com
zip archives by language IPA Handbook, Univ.Victoria, CANADA
Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet.
 
Tutorials for phonetics
advanced: Phonetics for English by Kevin Russell in University of Manitoba, CANADA
Phonetics - New site by Kevin Russell
Phonetics - Old site by Kevin Russell
IPA www.ipasource.com/diction_help for singers
Excellent charts, rules of pronunciation and IPA transliterations of texts for latin, italian, german and french in .pdf format. Also, text recordings in mp3.
Phonetics for singers in many languages by Karen Chung
An introduction to the sounds of languages by Peter Ladefoged
Links, bibliographies.
 
IPA and phonetics for specific languages
Language phonologies by wikipedia
IPA www.ipasource.com/diction_help for singers
Excellent charts, rules of pronunciation and IPA transliterations of texts for latin, italian, german and french in .pdf format. Also, text recordings in mp3.
 
Wikipedia has IPA for all languages. Also, I have used these sites:
IPA and phonetics for english
IPA, ASCII with mp3 examples and pronunciation for English by Antimoon.com for british and american
IPA transcription systems for English by J. C. Wells
English speech accent archive George Mason.U
Native and non-native speakers of English read the same paragraph. Transcribed in IPA. Listen in .mov format.
Varieties of English by The Language Samples Project at arizona.edu
Studying Phonetics for english on the Net by George L. Dillon at Washington U, USA
advanced: Phonetics for English by Kevin Russell in University of Manitoba, CANADA
Phonetics - New site by Kevin Russell
Phonetics - Old site by Kevin Russell
IPA and phonetics for greek
 
Glossaries for phonetics
concise Glossary Phonetics Language Samples Project
detailed list of linguistic topics by wikipedia
 
Fonts for ipa
Fonts for ipa: view, write, type
How to write ipa symbols in .html form.
glyphs.htm &#...; latin, ipa, greek symbols
glyphs_ipa_az.htm &#...; for international phonetic alphabet, sorted quasi alphabetically
 
Topics for phonetics
Put phonetic symbols in your WORD document by John Wells
Phonemes and allophones by Kevin Russell
Prosody and intonation tutorials for english
The POW tutorials were written and recorded by Sue Peppé and John Maidment. Sound examples in .wav.